Control of Expression Random Retrieval

If you start with a single copy of template DNA, how many copies would you have after 10 cycles?

In a PCR reaction, the DNA is heated at the start of the cycle to around 95 degrees C. What is the reason for this?

If a bacterium contains a recombinant plasmid, then it will express the new 'foreign' gene as well as it's own. Which of the following is not a product made by recombinant bacteria?

What is the active site of a restriction endonuclease complementary too?

Which enzyme do we use to convert mRNA into cDNA?

What causes epigenetic markers to be added or removed from DNA?

Acetylation is the addition of a C2H3O group which contains a double bonded oxygen. Where does acetylation occur?

The morula hollows out into a hollow sphere, with a small group of cells at the bottom called teh inner cell mass which go on to develop into an embryo. What do the outer cells go on to make?

Which enzyme will the Oestrogen - Oestrogen Receptor ( OOR) activate?

Which of the following describes the structure of DNA?

If a tumour suppressor gene mutates, then it can mean the protein it codes for is non-functional. What will happen to the rate of mitosis if this happens?

Fill in the missing word : Causes of Mutations A mutation is any change to the order of __12___ in the genetic code. These occur naturally as the enzyme _____13_____ replicates the DNA and makes mistakes. The incidence can also be produced due to exposure to certain agents called mutagenic agents.

These can be chemicals such as nitrous acid, which converts cytosine to uracil. Nitrous acid would therefore cause a __14___ mutation. Ethidium Bromide is used to stain DNA during gel electrophoresis. It can insert between bases, acting in a similar way to an addition mutation and therefore causing a __15___ along the rest of the gene.

UV radiation is also a mutagenic agent. It can cause bonds to form between pyrimidine bases ( thymine and cytosine). This bonding causes polymerases to misread or stop working all together at that point.

Which of the following would have the most dramatic effect on the primary structure of the polypeptide produced?

What type of mutation causes a sequence of bases to be moved from one location to another?

TTA = Leu TTG = Leu TTC = Phe TCA = Ser TAA = Stop Here is the original sequence : TTCTTGTTATCATAA. Here is a mutated sequence: TTCTTGTTATAACATAA.

What will be the effect on the mutated polypeptide?

What does the term 'Degenerate' mean when referring to the genetic code?

Which direction can DNA polymerase only extend the new strand of DNA?

Which two molecules does DNA Polymerase join together?

What attracts new 'free' nucleotides to the exposed template strand during DNA replication?

What does the A stand for in the genetic code?