Biology Random Retrieval Y12

Biology Year 12 Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the year 12 biology section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

What do we call a section of DNA which does not carry a code for a functional RNA or amino acid?

Introns

Exons

Variable Number Tandem Repeats

Promoter Sequences

2 / 20

What happens to the heart during Diastole?

Atrial and Ventricular walls are relaxed, the Atrioventricular valve is closed.

Atrial and Ventricular walls are relaxed, and the Atrioventricular valve is open.

Atrial wall is relaxed, but the ventricular wall is contracted. The Atrioventricular valve is open.

3 / 20

Oxygen diffuses out of the tracheoles directly into what?

Respiring body cells.

The insect's open circulatory system.

Air Sacs.

4 / 20

Sufferers of emphysema also have reduced elastin in the alveolar walls. What effect does this have on breathing?

Alveoli can't stretch so there is a reduced volume on inhalation.

Causes an increase in surface area due to 'baggy' alveolar walls.

Reduced Elastic recoil, so problems with exhaling.

Shorter diffusion pathway due to thinner walls.

5 / 20

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) is the maximum volume of air that can be breathed out in 1 second. What is the FEV for person B?

0.5dm³

1.5 dm³

1 dm³

2 dm³

6 / 20

On the diagram above, which structure is a lysosome?

7 / 20

Complete this sentence: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a partially ________ membrane . Type your answer:

8 / 20

What piece of equipment can you use to measure the colour change? (spell it correctly)

9 / 20

At which time does mitosis take place?

6 - 12 hours

0-12 hours

At hour 12

10 / 20

Why must the solution used to homogenise be cold?

To prevent the centrifuge over- heating.

To reduce the liquidity of the plasma membrane.

To reduce the activity of enzymes.

11 / 20

To look at a fresh sample under a light microscope, you'll need to prepare a temporary mount. What is NOT used to stick the specimen to the microscope slide?

Water

Glue

Oil

12 / 20

How big is the biggest gap between the christae ( B)? Assuming that the image shows B to be 7mm, and the scale bar to be 2cm?

0.29 μm

29 nm

0.035μm

13 / 20

True or False: The circular chromosome can only replicate once per division, but the plasmids can replicate multiple times.

TRUE

FALSE

14 / 20

Which of these structures is completely absent in eukaryotic cells?

15 / 20

On the above graph, lines A and B represent the same enzyme, in identical conditions; the only difference is the temperature.

What would happen to the red line after this point ?

It would eventually plateau below the black line

It would eventually plateau on the black line.

It would not plateau, but continue straight.

16 / 20

Other than peptide bonds, a folded protein also contains: i)Hydrogen Bonds ii) Ionic Bonds iii) Di-Sulphide Bridges. Which type of bond/bonds form and hold the Tertiary Structure of a protein in place?

i) Hydrogen Bonds
ii) Ionic Bonds
iii) Di-Sulphide Bridges.

Which type of bond/bonds form and hold the Tertiary Structure of a protein in place?

i) and iii)

iii)

i), ii) and iii)

17 / 20

Other than peptide bonds, a folded protein also contains:

i) Hydrogen Bonds
ii) Ionic Bonds
iii) Di-Sulphide Bridges.

Which bonds form the secondary structure?

i) and ii)

i), ii) and iii)

18 / 20

Which best represents the hydrophobic area on this diagram?

19 / 20

What type of reaction is the formation of a triglyceride from its subunits?

Condensation

Hydrolysis

Lipolysis

20 / 20

This polysaccharide of glucose is branched. What is the advantage to the organism of branching ?

It fits around organelles easily.

More sites for enzymes it to bind to.

Can form structural support iside cells.

Your score is

Biology Molecules Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the Biology Molecules section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

Which process requires the use of ATP?

Facilitated Diffusion

Osmosis

Active Transport

2 / 20

What type of bonds are broken between the DNA bases when replication starts?

Hydrogen

Phosphodiester

Peptide

3 / 20

In a section of double stranded DNA, there were 62 bases. Of these, 20 were A. How many of the bases were T?

4 / 20

What is the difference in the pentose sugar in DNA, compared to RNA?

RNA has two oxygens missing

RNA has an oxygen missing

DNA has an oxygen missing

5 / 20

On the above diagram, name the group labelled A

Organic Base

Pentose Sugar

Phosphate

6 / 20

Where do non-competitive inhibitors bind?

The Active Site.

Somewhere on the protein other than the active site.

7 / 20

Explain why line B forms a plateau:

Because the enzyme has denatured.

Because the enzyme is catalysing as fast as it can, and cannot make any more enzyme-substrate complexes.

Because eventually all the substrate is used up, and no new product can be formed, no matter how much enzyme is added.

8 / 20

A scientist measured the rate of removal of amino acids from a polypeptide with and without an enzyme present. With the enzyme present, 500 amino acids were released per second. Without the enzyme, 2.0 × 10^-8 amino acids were released per second. Calculate by how many times the rate of reaction is greater with the enzyme present.

2.5 x 10^-10

4 x 10^-11

10 x 10^-10

9 / 20

This model of enzyme action has now been replaced by another more recent one. What is the more recent model called?

Lock and Key Model

Induced Fit Model

Flexible Fit Model

10 / 20

Which letter represents the enzyme-substrate complex in this diagram?

11 / 20

What substance are enzymes made out of?

Amino Acids

Fatty Acids

Polysaccharides

12 / 20

On the above diagram, which letter represents the activation energy with an enzyme?

13 / 20

The structure of a protein relates to its function. What is the best description of a channel protein from the following?

Long polypeptide chains, lying next to each other in parallel or wrapped like rope.

Coiled proteins, often with hydrophillic amino acids liningteh inside of the coil.

Soluble, globular proteins with a specific shaped active site.

14 / 20

What is the name of the COOH group on an amino acid molecule?

Carbonic acid

Carboxyllic acid

Carbunkle acid

15 / 20

What word best describes the fatty acid 'tails'?

Hydrophobic

Hydrophillic

Lipophobic

16 / 20

The 'tail' of a fatty acid can be a variable length molecule. But what type of molecule is the tail?

Polysaccharide

Polycarbonate

Hydrocarbon

17 / 20

It is highly branched, what type of glycosidic bond form the base of the branches?

1-4 Glycosidic Bond

1-6 Glycosidic Bond

1-2 Glycosidic Bond

18 / 20

This component of starch is coiled. What is the advantage to the organism storing it?

A coil gives a more compact shape, so less space needed for storage.

A coil is a stable shape.

A coil is easily broken down to release the energy.

19 / 20

Which monomer is starch made out of?

Alpha Glucose

Beta Glucose

Fructose

20 / 20

Are molecules A,B and C isomers of each other?

Yes

Your score is

Cells Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the Cells section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

NMO is a disease NMO is a disease that leads to damage to nerve cells in the spinal cord. A person with NMO produces anti-AQP4 antibody that attacks only these nerve cells. Explain why the anti-AQP4 antibody only damages these cells

The antibody has a binding site complementary to nerve cells.

The antibody has an active site complementary only to the antigen on the nerve cells.

The antibody has a binding site complementary only to the antigen on the nerve cells.

2 / 20

True or False - Plasma cells are clones.

TRUE

FALSE

3 / 20

Which type of cell can engulf a pathogen?

Lymphocyte

Phagocyte

Basophil

4 / 20

Look at the above graph, what is the concentration of sodium chloride inside the potato cells?

0.4 mol dm ^-3

0.35 mol dm ^-3

15 mol dm ^-3

5 / 20

Complete this sentence: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a partially ________ membrane . Type your answer:

6 / 20

Is a higher water potential...

More free water molecules than another solution.

Fewer free water molecules than another solution.

7 / 20

Which molecule makes up part D?

Protein

Carbohydrate

Fat

8 / 20

In a garlic root tip squash, a student observed 124 cells, of which 19 has visible chromosomes. What was the mitotic index for that tissue?

0.18

9 / 20

What happens in S phase?

DNA is replicated

Organelles are replicated

Proteins are Replicated

10 / 20

Why must the solution used to homogenise be cold?

To prevent the centrifuge over- heating.

To reduce the liquidity of the plasma membrane.

To reduce the activity of enzymes.

11 / 20

Which type of electron microscope can only be used on non-living samples?

TEM

SEM

TEM & SEM

12 / 20

The Christae of the mitochondrion shown in this picture are 2m x 10^-8wide (A). How many 'nm' is this ?

200nm

20nm

2nm

13 / 20

The image shows palisade cells in a leaf. Line B (length) in the image measures 3.5 cm, and the actual cell measures 7μm. What is the magnification of this image of the palisade cell?

x2000

x5000

x500

14 / 20

Which of the following is bigger - 40m x 10^-10 or 5mm x 10 ^-7 , or 5m x 10^-10

40m x 10^-10

5mm x 10 ^-7

5m x 10^-10

15 / 20

True or False : plasmids are passed on by binary fission only.

TRUE

FALSE

16 / 20

Are structures 'E' found on rough endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotes?

Yes

17 / 20

Why might structure 'A' be useful in gut bacteria ?

Lubricates; so it can move between endothelium cells.

Allows it to replicate

Protects against the acid

18 / 20

Which of the following organelles has a different structure in prokaryotes when compared to eukaryotes.

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

19 / 20

What are the inner membrane folds called in this organelle?

Grana

Thylakoid

Christae

20 / 20

What is the function of this organelle?

Processing and packaging Lipids

Synthesising and processing lipids

Folding and processing proteins

Your score is

Exchanges of Substances with the Environment Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the Exchanges of Substances with the Environment section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

Which of the following is an example of a 'source' ?

A photosynthesising leaf.

A Respiring meristem.

A storage tuber in the root.

2 / 20

In terms of translocation, what is an 'assimilate'?

An estimation of the mass of glucose your plant will use.

Any organic substance that becomes part of the plant's cells. E.g Amino Acids, Glucose etc.

The mass of amino acids produced by converting glucose.

3 / 20

What piece of equipment is used to measure transpiration ?

Transpirometer

Potometer

Respirometer

4 / 20

How does an increase in wind speed, increase the rate of transpiration?

Increases or maintains the water potential gradient between the air inside the leaf, and the air outside.

Increase in wind is detected by small hairs on the leaves, which open the stomata.

Decreases the water potential gradient between the air inside the leaf, and the air outside.

5 / 20

What is transpiration the movement of?

Water, with dissolved organic substances.

Pure water.

Water with dissolved mineral ions.

6 / 20

Which of the following is a way a high salt content in your diet increases your risk of developing CVD?

Salt reduces the water potential of the blood, so water moves out of the endothelium cells via osmosis, causing them to shrivel.

Salt reduces the water potential of the blood, causing water to move in from surrounding tissues via osmosis, leading to an increase in blood pressure, and development of an atheroma.

Salt reduces the water potential of your blood, causing the red blood cells to crenate and form blood clots.

7 / 20

What has happened at position B?

The Atrioventricular valves open.

The Semi- Lunar valves close.

The Semi- Lunar valves open.

8 / 20

Why can we not state using this data, CVD is caused by smoking?

Because P only = 0.006 for the linear trend.

Because the 95% Confidence Intervals overlap for two of the results.

Because CVD may have been caused by other things such as diet, exercise , age etc.

9 / 20

As blood moves away from the heart, it travels in which type of blood vessel?

Artery

Vein

Aterioles

10 / 20

In the diagram of the human circulatory system, which letter represents the Pulmonary Vein?

11 / 20

Where in a human, is the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen the highest?

Veins

Respiring Muscles

Percentage

12 / 20

What term describes the haem groups which contain iron?

Co-factor

Prosthetic Group

Active Site

13 / 20

Why is haemoglobin described as being 'Quaternary'?

Because it contains 4 polypeptide chains.

Because it contains 4 haem groups.

Because it contains more than 1 polypeptide chain.

14 / 20

Why do some xerophytes have hairs over the stomatal pits?

To protect the delicate guard cells.

To prevent wind moving away air with a high water concentration, thus reducing the water concentration gradient.

To stop insects getting in and stealing the water.

15 / 20

How does water move into the guard cells?

Translocation

Transpiration

Osmosis

16 / 20

Which letter is the tracheae?

17 / 20

Emphysema is caused by what?

Too much exercise

Cancer

CVD

Smoking or long term air- pollution

18 / 20

Which term best describes breathing?

Ventilation

Respiration

Inhalation

Exhalation

19 / 20

Multicellular organisms cannot absorb enough substances by diffusion. Why is this?

Their plasma membranes are thicker, so it takes longer to diffuse.

They have a large surface area to volume ratio.

They have a small surface area to volume ratio.

There isn;t a concentration gradient

20 / 20

Cresol red is an indicator which goes clear at a low pH. A plate of agar jelly with cresol red added was made, and two blocks were cut out. Block A measured 10mm x 10mm x 10mm. Block B measured 20mm x 7mm x 7mm. Which one will decolourise quickest when placed in an acidic solution ?

Block A

Block B

Your score is

Genetic Variation & Information Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the Genetic Variation & Information section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

What caused the antibiotic resistance in the first place?

Independent Assortment

Speciation

Mutation

2 / 20

What type of selection is resistance to antibiotics by bacteria?

Directional

Stabilising

Convergent

3 / 20

What do we mean by 'Evolution' in biological terms?

Artificial Selection

Natural Selection

Speciation

4 / 20

Which of the following will reduce genetic diversity in a population?

Mutation

Genetic Bottleneck

Migration

5 / 20

In Biology, what does genetic diversity represent in a population?

The number of different versions of alleles within a species.

The number of different breeds with-in a species.

The number of different species.

6 / 20

Which of the following is the result of a chromosome mutation?

Cystic Fibrosis

Down's Syndrome

Huntington's

7 / 20

Which of the following is a mutagenic agent?

Ultra Violet Radiation

Infra Red Radiation

Visible Light

8 / 20

What is a gene mutation?

The addition of a marker molecule onto the DNA

A chemical which binds to DNA

A change in the DNA base sequence

9 / 20

The goat cardiomyocyte has 30 pairs of chromosomes. How many chromatids will be present in each cell formed at the end of meiosis Telophase 2?

10 / 20

Is Anaphase 2 more similar to Anaphase 1, or Anaphase in mitosis?

More similar to Anaphase 1.

More similar to anaphase in mitosis.

11 / 20

How many chromatids are present in a human cell at the start of meiosis?

12 / 20

On this diagram, what does C represent?

Loci

Homologous Chromosomes

Centromeres

13 / 20

What type of bond forms between the amino acids?

Glycosidic

Phospho-diester

Peptide

14 / 20

What is the base-pairing pattern in DNA to RNA?

A-T, C-G

A-C, U-G

A-U, C-G

15 / 20

Which term describes the specific attraction of bases?

Complementary Base Pairing

Conservative Base Pairing

Friendly Base Pairing

16 / 20

Which enzyme is used in transcription?

RNA Polymerase

DNA Polymerase

Helicase

17 / 20

What do H and h represent?

Different genes

Different Alleles

Different loci

18 / 20

On this diagram, what does C represent?

Loci

Homologous Chromosomes

Centromeres

19 / 20

On this diagram, what does B represent?

Sister Chromatids

Homologous Chromosomes

Loci

20 / 20

Describe how prokaryotic DNA is stored

Wound around histone proteins

As pairs of linear chromosomes

Supercoiled

Uncoiled

Your score is

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