Biology Random Retrieval Y12

Which of the following has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria?

Stray dogs in the Moscow Subway have learnt to beg for food, and are able to identify humans most likely to feed them. What type of adaptation is this ?

How is variation introduced during prophase 1?

What word describes cells which contain pairs of chromosomes?

What molecule does the tRNA carry?

What bond is formed between the free RNA bases, once they have formed complementary base pairs?

What word describes the fact there is more than one set of three bases for each amino acid?

Which of the following is an example of a 'sink' ?

What has happened at position C?

Name the structures labelled A

What do we call the arteries which supply the heart muscle?

When investigating osmosis, you often need to make different concentrations of solute solution. Describe how you would make up 30 ml of 0.15 mol dm ^-3,from 1 mol dm ^-3 stock solution.

Name structure G.

Which pair of scientists proved the method by which DNA replicated?

Where do non-competitive inhibitors bind?

Where do competitive inhibitors bind ?

How many naturally occurring amino acids are there in all living things?

Triglycerides are good at storing energy. Which part of the molecule stores the most energy?

What is the formula for glycerol?

What bonds hold the chains together, and make the these fibres strong?

What charge will be on the hydrogen atoms in this molecule?

What is the name of molecule B?

Which two letters represent 5' ends of the DNA strand?

A single DNA strand has two ends - one called 5 prime (5') and one called 3 prime (3'). To which end of the new DNA strand does the enzyme bind in DNA replication?

Which molecules bind to the exposed bases when DNA becomes single stranded?

In a section of double stranded DNA, there were 62 bases. Of these, 20 were A. How many of the bases were T?

What base does the 'A' stand for?

Describe what the line would look like when a non-competitive inhibitor was added to the reaction.

Which letter represents the active site in this diagram?

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by doing what?

What is the next reagent to be added after this initial treatment?

What level of protein structure contains alpha helices and beta pleated sheets?

What do we mean by the 'Primary Structure' of a protein?

What does R stand for on an amino acid?

What is the name of the COOH group on an amino acid molecule?

The 'tail' of a fatty acid can be a variable length molecule. But what type of molecule is the tail?

It is highly branched, what type of glycosidic bond form the base of the branches?

How do you convert sucrose (which will test negative for a reducing sugar) , into monosaccharides which will test positive as a reducing sugar?

Which of the following is a type of disaccharide?

Which molecule is Beta - Glucose?

A doctor vaccinated a group of patients against poliomyelitis. He gave each patient two doses of vaccine, 3 months apart. Explain the differences between the mean concentrations of antibodies in blood samples 2 and 3.

What happens to a B lymphocyte when it is activated?

Name the contents found in C.

Which of the following is a similarity between diffusion an osmosis?

Which protein needs to be used first in the co-transport of glucose across a membrane. For example in the ileum.

Does a concentration gradient need to be established before facilitated diffusion can take place?

In this version of required practical 4, 1cm beetroot cores are soaked in different concentrations of ethanol - 0%, 10%, 20%and 30%. Which graph represents the expected results ?

Beetroot is a purple vegetable, the cells of which contain a pigment called Betalain. 4 tubes are set up with water and beetroot incubated at different temperatures: 20, 40, 60 and 80 ⁰C. which tube would you predict shows beetroot incubated at 20 ⁰C?

Name molecule J (Spell it correctly)

In a suspected lung cancer tissue sample, a histopathologist observed 19 cells out of a total of 320 in mitosis. The average mitotic index for healthy human lung tissue is 0.04. Is the patient likely to have cancer or not?

To perform a 'Root Tip Squash' , what do you have to do to your root tip cells prior to staining?

Which phase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle fibres.

What term is given to describe G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase combined? ( Spell it correctly)

What happens in G2 phase?

The diagram shows the cell cycle. What does 'M' stand for in the diagram? ( Spell it correctly)

As well as being cold, what must the solution also be?

Which organelle will be found in pellet B?

What does SEM stand for?

Name the method of division, that prokaryotes use for replication ( spell it correctly!)

Name structure A

What happens to the solutes at the sink?

How do you calculate the rate of water transpired by the plant?

Through which part does the water evaporate out of the leaf?

What has happened at position C?

Which chamber do you think the green line represents?

In which direction ( if any), would a curve be for humming bird haemoglobin?

What is a xerophyte?

Why are there large gaps between the mesophyll cells ?

How is a concentration gradient maintained inside the leaf?

Which number represents a layer which is 2 or 3 times thicker in desert plants?

Which number represents the layer where gaseous exchange happens in plants?

What maintains the concentration gradients for gaseous exchange in the tracheoles?

Which letter is the tracheae?

Which letter is the spiracles?

What is the function of the lamellae?

Using the diagram, which part is a gill filament?

If someone's PVR is 1.5dm³ min ^-1, and their tidal volume is 150 cm ³, how many breaths do they take in a minute?

True or False - Air moves into the lungs because the internal pressure in the lungs drops below the atmospheric pressure?

Which letter represents the trachea?

Cresol red is an indicator which goes clear at a low pH. A plate of agar jelly with cresol red added was made, and two blocks were cut out. Block A measured 10mm x 10mm x 10mm. Block B measured 20mm x 7mm x 7mm. Which one will decolourise quickest when placed in an acidic solution ?

Which of the following has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria?

Around 10,000 years ago, humans developed the ability to make lactase in adulthood, and so were able to digest diary products.

How do new alleles occur in a population?

After a genetic bottleneck, what is true about the alleles of the survivors?

Two of the above mutations will always cause a non functional protein. Why?

A sheep cheek cell which is not dividing has 54 chromosomes, how many chromatids will be present during Meiotic Prophase 1 in the testes?

How many different combinations of maternal / paternal chromosomes are there if there are 23 pairs?

What is the order of events from the diagram for Meiosis division 2?

Which number represents metaphase 1 of meiosis?

What word describes cells which contain single chromosomes?

What type of bond forms between the amino acids?

What bond is formed between the free RNA bases, once they have formed complementary base pairs?

Which term describes the specific attraction of bases?

During Transcription, the two DNA strands are separated. What attracts free floating RNA nucleotides to the exposed bases?

What does RNA stand for?

On this diagram, what does C represent?

On this diagram, what does B represent?

On this diagram, what does A represent?

In an homologous pair of chromosomes, would alleles be...

What is a 'sister chromatid' or 'sister chromosome'?