Biology Random Retrieval Y12

How does recombination increase variation?

Where does translation take place?

What do H and h represent?

The Mass Flow Hypothesis, is the best explanation for translocation in plants. What does it suggest happens at 'sources'?

How do you calculate the rate of water transpired by the plant?

What unit do we use to measure the concentration of oxygen in the tissue?

What is 'Tidal Volume'?

When investigating osmosis, you often need to make different concentrations of solute solution. Describe how you would make up 30 ml of 0.15 mol dm ^-3,from 1 mol dm ^-3 stock solution.

Complete this sentence: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a partially ________ membrane . Type your answer:

Which part of the phospholipid bilayer prevents sodium ions leaving via simple diffusion?

What name describes the double layered structure of a membrane? (Spell it correctly)

What term is given to describe G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase combined? ( Spell it correctly)

Which of the following is equivalent to 1m x 10^-6 ?

What type of bond forms between water molecules?

By which method does DNA replicate?

Explain how non-competitive inhibitors reduce rate.

Which letter on the above graph shows when the enzyme is denatured?

Antibodies are made out of 4 polypeptide chains, with no prosthetic group. How many levels of protein structure will they have?

Which is the correct structure for an amino acid?

Which elements are found in carbohydrates?

What type of bond forms between water molecules?

Name the enzyme involved in the breakdown of ATP

Which bond is broken when ATP is used?

Name the type of bond that forms when two DNA monomers attach.

On the above diagram, name the group labelled B.

Explain how non-competitive inhibitors reduce rate.

Where do non-competitive inhibitors bind?

The optimum temperature for this enzyme is actually 40^oC. Describe what the line would look like on the above graph.

Which word best describes the shape of the substrate?

What is the area of an enzyme called where the substrate binds?

More than two amino acids joined together is called what?

On the above diagram, what does structure '1' represent?

What is the general formula for a saturated fatty acid?

The 'tail' of a fatty acid can be a variable length molecule. But what type of molecule is the tail?

What is the formula for glycerol?

What role does this polysaccharide have?

Which monomer is starch made out of?

Are all monosaccharides reducing sugars?

What would the products be from the hydrolysis of sucrose?

What are the products of a condensation reaction between two alpha glucose molecules?

What is it called when the two variable regions of an antibody form a complex with two pathogens?

Type your answer.

Which type of cell travels to the site of infection, and secretes a chemical which kills infected cells?

During phagocytosis, the pathogen is detected by molecule A on the cell surface membrane. What are the molecules labelled A called?

In the above experiment, why would the student be advised to take repeat readings?

Read the above passage. Before reweighing, the potato was blotted dry. Which of the following is NOT a reason for doing this?

What type of transport is osmosis?

During co-transport of glucose in the ileum, active transport is needed to establish a concentration gradient of which substance?

In the above diagram, there are three membrane proteins: A, B and C. Which represents where facilitated diffusion occurs?

In the above diagram, there are three membrane proteins: A, B and C. Which represents where co-transport occurs?

In this version of required practical 4, 1cm beetroot cores are soaked in different concentrations of ethanol - 0%, 10%, 20%and 30%. Which graph represents the expected results ?

Name structure E.

Name molecule J (Spell it correctly)

In a suspected lung cancer tissue sample, a histopathologist observed 19 cells out of a total of 320 in mitosis. The average mitotic index for healthy human lung tissue is 0.04. Is the patient likely to have cancer or not?

Between which times does synthesis take place?

Use the scale bar ( assume it measures 2cm) to calculate the actual diameter of virus particle A ( Assume it measures 3.5cm)

How are the circular chromosomes separated in prokaryotic reproduction?

True or False: The circular chromosome can only replicate once per division, but the plasmids can replicate multiple times.

Name structure A

This is found inside most eukaryotic cells, what is C ?

Name this organelle.

At the sink, solutes are removed from the phloem, what effect does this have on water movement?

What happens to the solutes at the sink?

Which of the following is an example of a 'source' ?

What is translocation the movement of?

What piece of equipment is used to measure transpiration ?

Water molecules stick together due to what type of bond?

Through which part does the water evaporate out of the leaf?

Once blood leaves arteries, which type of blood vessel will it enter?

In which direction ( if any), would a curve be for diving seal haemoglobin?

What term describes the haem groups which contain iron?

The blood and water flow in opposite directions, what is this called?

Many species of fish have developed a technique to allow a constant flow of oxygenated water over the gills, even when stationary. This is called Buccal Pumping, how does it work?

Why would someone with Pulmonary Fibrosis have a reduced rate of oxygen diffusion?

Why might the FEV be lower for person B?

Pulmonary Ventilation Rate ( PVR) -= Tidal Volume x breathing rate. If someone take 60 breaths over 5 minutes, and takes in 230 cm³, what is their PVR?

As oxygen diffuses from the alveolar air space into the blood, how many layers of cells does it pass over?

Some animals are adapted to higher temperatures in their environment. Which of the following is an example of this ?

Multicellular organisms cannot absorb enough substances by diffusion. Why is this?

Why can single celled organisms exchange many substances by simple diffusion over the plasma membrane?

What is the surface area to volume ratio of a palisade cell with a volume of 120,000 µm ³ and a surface area of 6500 µm²?

Which of the following has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria?

What type of selection is shown on the graph?

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

What does 'Differential Reproductive Success' mean?

What do we mean by 'Evolution' in biological terms?

How do new alleles occur in a population?

True or false : The Founder Effect is a type of genetic drift?

What type of mutation is this ? ACCTGG becomes ACCTTGG

There are now two identical copies of each chromosome, held together by the centromere. Which term best describes these identical copies?

Before meiosis starts, the primary spermatocyte or oocyte replicates its chromosomes and organelles. What is this phase called?

On this diagram, what does D represent?

As the mRNA is fed through the ribosome, complementary base pairing between the mRNA and tRNA mean that amino acids are lined up in a specific order. What level of protein structure is established here ?

What molecule is made in prokaryotic transcription?

What is the base-pairing pattern in DNA to RNA?

Which term describes the specific attraction of bases?

Which enzyme is used in transcription?

True or False : The same three bases of DNA (or RNA) code for the same amino acid in every organism ever discovered.

What word describes the fact there is more than one set of three bases for each amino acid?

On this diagram, what does B represent?

Describe how prokaryotic DNA is stored