Biology Random Retrieval Y12

The Western Corn Rootworm has developed resistance to a protein pesticide found in transgenic crops. The protein no longer damages the digestive tract of the insect.

As there are now 4 chromatids in each homologous pair, they are sometimes called what?

On this diagram, what does D represent?

What does RNA stand for?

What happens during Ventricular Systole?

This bar chart shows the risk of CVD with differing amounts of cigarettes smoked per day. Is there a significant difference in risk between smoking no cigarettes, and smoking 1 - 19 cigarettes a day?

Where in a human, is the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen the highest?

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) is the maximum volume of air that can be breathed out in 1 second. What is the FEV for person B?

Which term describes a solution with a lower water potential than the cells bathed in it?

In this version of required practical 4, 1cm beetroot cores are soaked in different concentrations of ethanol - 0%, 10%, 20%and 30%. Which graph represents the expected results ?

In a garlic root tip squash, a student observed 124 cells, of which 19 has visible chromosomes. What was the mitotic index for that tissue?

Name the area where the sister chromosomes together, and attach to the spindle fibres here. (Spell it correctly)

The image shows palisade cells in a leaf. Line B (length) in the image measures 3.5 cm, and the actual cell measures 7μm. What is the magnification of this image of the palisade cell?

Name the function of organelle A

This is found inside most eukaryotic cells, what is B?

What is the difference in the pentose sugar in DNA, compared to RNA?

Viagra is a similar shape to cyclic GMP ( cGMP). Both will block an enzyme called PDE5. cGMP causes vasodilation. What sort of inhibitor is Viagra?

Explain why line B forms a plateau:

What has happened to the enzyme when it becomes denatured with a high temperature?

Which biochemical test is used to identify lipids?

The average human makes and breaks-down its own body mass in ATP every day ( approximately 70 kg). Why is this?

What type of molecule is part C ?

If DNA replicated by a Dispersive method ( fragments from each strand mixed), what would the DNA bands look like after two generations in N¹⁴ medium (Tube B)?

How many bonds form between the Bases C and G when the base pair?

Which enzyme works along the template DNA strand, joining new monomers together?

Name the type of bond that forms when two DNA monomers attach.

Name the pentose sugar found in DNA.

On the above diagram, name the group labelled B.

On the above diagram, which letter represents the activation energy without an enzyme?

Enzymes are biological catalysts: they speed up reactions. This allows the reactions to happen at...

What is the name of the biochemical test for proteins?

Which of the following is the best description of the 'Quaternary Structure' of a protein?

What level of protein structure contains alpha helices and beta pleated sheets?

Which of the following shows the correct structure of a peptide bond?

Which of the following terms best describes the phosphate part of a phospholipid?

Which monomer is the animal storage polysaccharide made out of ?

It forms strong, straight fibres called what ?

What type of bond forms between the monomers in starch?

How do you convert sucrose (which will test negative for a reducing sugar) , into monosaccharides which will test positive as a reducing sugar?

Which reagent is used to test for reducing sugars?

A doctor vaccinated a group of patients against poliomyelitis. He gave each patient two doses of vaccine, 3 months apart. Explain the differences between the mean concentrations of antibodies in blood samples 1 and 2 .

When investigating osmosis, you often need to make different concentrations of solute solution. Describe how you would make up 30 ml of 0.15 mol dm ^-3,from 1 mol dm ^-3 stock solution.

Would the number of carrier proteins present affect the rate of active transport across a membrane?

In the above experiment, two flasks contained identical masses of animal tissue, identical volume of a solution containing sodium ions, but an inhibitor of ATP production in flask F. Why did flask F plateau?

In the above experiment, two flasks contained identical masses of animal tissue, identical volume of a solution containing sodium ions, but an inhibitor of ATP production in flask F. Scientists concluded that flask G took up sodium ions by active transport. What is the evidence of this?

a) Uptake in flask G much greater than in flask F , showing use of ATP in flask G

b) Sodium ion concentration in flask G falls to zero, showing uptake against a concentration gradient

Which of the following factors when increased, will increase the rate of diffusion?

a) The Concentration Gradient

b) The Surface Area

c) The Diffusion Pathway

What substance will structure C be made out of?

In a garlic root tip squash, a student observed 124 cells, of which 19 has visible chromosomes. What was the mitotic index for that tissue?

Put these letters in the correct order

How long is one complete cell cycle on this graph?

Which organelle will be found in pellet B?

Which type of electron microscope can only be used on non-living samples?

Which of the following organelles are visible with a light microscope?

a) Nucleus
b) Lysosomes
c) Chloroplasts

How big is the biggest gap between the christae ( B)? Assuming that the image shows B to be 7mm, and the scale bar to be 2cm?

Which of these structures is completely absent in eukaryotic cells?

Name this organelle

What is the main function of this organelle?

Name this organelle.

This is found inside most eukaryotic cells, what is B?

This is found inside most eukaryotic cells, what is A?

If a small tube is inserted into the phloem through the bark of a tree, sap containing sucrose leaks out. Where on the tree will the most sap leak from due to the highest hydrostatic pressure?

Which of the following is an example of a 'sink' ?

Which of the following is an example of a 'source' ?

Water molecules stick together due to what type of bond?

The evaporation of water molecules out of the leaf, 'pulls' the water molecules behind up. What is this 'pull' called ?

Through which part does the water evaporate out of the leaf?

What is the stroke volume of a patient if their cardiac output is 3500 cm³ min^-1, and their heart rate is 70 bpm?

Which type of blood vessel has the thickest muscular layer?

Once blood leaves arteries, which type of blood vessel will it enter?

What do we call the arteries which supply the heart muscle?

In the diagram of the human circulatory system, which letter represents the Vena Cava?

What is it called, when Carbon Dioxide causes the dissociation curve to shift?

How does water move into the guard cells?

The blood and water flow in opposite directions, what is this called?

Sufferers of emphysema also have reduced elastin in the alveolar walls. What effect does this have on breathing?

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria infecting the lungs, where amongst other effects it reduces tidal volume. What happens to the ventilation rate of sufferers?

Which letter represents the diaphragm?

Other than surface area to volume ratio, which is an example of a physiological adaptation, which allows an animal to live at colder temperatures?

Cresol red is an indicator which goes clear at a low pH. A plate of agar jelly with cresol red added was made, and two blocks were cut out. Block A measured 10mm x 10mm x 10mm. Block B measured 20mm x 7mm x 7mm. Which one will decolourise quickest when placed in an acidic solution ?

A Palisade cell is rectangular, and measures 100 µm by 40 µm. What is its surface area?

What technique is required when culturing bacteria?

True or false : The most effective antibiotic for E Coli O121 will also be the most effective antibiotic for EColi K1.

Which of the following has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria?

Why do most mutations cause a decrease in reproductive success?

Which is an example of a Genetic Bottleneck?

Which of the following will reduce genetic diversity in a population?

On this diagram, what does B represent?

On this diagram, what does A represent?

As the mRNA is fed through the ribosome, complementary base pairing between the mRNA and tRNA mean that amino acids are lined up in a specific order. What level of protein structure is established here ?

In translation, a molecule called tRNA carries a three letter code. What are they called ?

In eukaryotes, the pre-mRNA is modified by removing what?

Where does the enzyme used in transcription bind?

Which is the true statement about DNA compared to RNA?

What does RNA stand for?

On this diagram, what does C represent?

On this diagram, what does A represent?

In an homologous pair of chromosomes, would alleles be...

What is an 'homologous chromosome'?

What is the position of gene on a chromosome called?

Which of the following carries the code for the order of amino acids?