Biology Random Retrieval Y12

After a genetic bottleneck, what is true about the alleles of the survivors?

Which of the following gene mutations will have the least dramatic effect on the polypeptide produced?

What is the order of events from the diagram for Meiosis division 2?

How does metaphase 1, differ from metaphase 2 in meiosis?

In an homologous pair of chromosomes, would alleles be...

What is the position of gene on a chromosome called?

What is translocation the movement of?

What is the stroke volume of a patient if their cardiac output is 3500 cm³ min^-1, and their heart rate is 70 bpm?

One of the phases of the cardiac cycle is called Atrial Systole. During Atrial Systole, what is happening in the heart during this phase?

What is a xerophyte?

Which number represents a stoma?

What is 'Tidal Volume'?

Other than surface area to volume ratio, which is an example of a physiological adaptation, which allows an animal to live at colder temperatures?

Some animals are adapted to higher temperatures in their environment. Which of the following is an example of this ?

A doctor vaccinated a group of patients against poliomyelitis. He gave each patient two doses of vaccine, 3 months apart. Calculate the percentage increase in the mean concentration of antibodies in blood between samples 2 and 3.

On the above diagram, where would an antigen bind?

What is structure D called?

Which of the following organelles has the SAME structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

True or False : The enzyme DNA polymerase can only bind to double stranded DNA?

Looking at the shape of the substrate, which molecule could it be?

Hydrogen ionconcentration is used to calculate pH. Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following molecules contain a phosphate group?

Water has a high specific heat capacity, why is this useful to organisms?

What word best describes this molecule?

ATP can be used to add a phosphate group onto molecules. What is this process known as?

What does ATP stand for?

How many bonds form between a 'C' and a 'G' ?

What base does the 'T' stand for?

Which line shows the rate when substrate is limited ?

Which letter on the above graph is the ' Saturation' point?

Which bonds are disrupted by changes in pH?

What is the area of an enzyme called where the substrate binds?

What substance are enzymes made out of?

If this diagram represented the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell in a human small intestine. What solutions would be on side'a' and side 'b'?

What type of reaction is the formation of a triglyceride from its subunits?

What subunits make up a single triglyceride?

It forms strong, straight fibres called what ?

Which reagent is used to test for reducing sugars?

Is one of the monomers beta glucose ?

Which molecule is NOT glucose ?

On the above diagram, where would an antigen bind?

Which is the variable region on the above diagram?

What happens to a B lymphocyte when it is activated?

Which type of cell can engulf a pathogen?

Look at the above graph, what is the concentration of sodium chloride inside the potato cells?

During co-transport of glucose in the ileum, active transport is needed to establish a concentration gradient of which substance?

True or False: In order to function, carrier proteins have to change shape.

Name molecule I.

Name structure E.

Which phase of mitosis is when the chromosomes line up along the equator?

What happens in S phase?

Why must the solution used to homogenise be cold?

Which organelle will be found in supernatant C?

What term describes the ability to see two separate points, as two separate points. Rather than one large point on an image ? (You need to spell it correctly!)

True or false : plasmids contain non essential genes

Bacterial cell division creates.

Name the function of organelle A

This is found inside most eukaryotic cells, what is C ?

What is the function of this organelle?

Which out of the following cell types are eukaryotic?

A = Animal, B=Bacterial, P=Plants, F=Fungi

In the mass flow hypothesis, the water potential is reduced in the phloem near the sources. What will happen to water movement?

Which of the following is an example of a 'sink' ?

What piece of equipment is used to measure transpiration ?

Which of the following is a way a high salt content in your diet increases your risk of developing CVD?

What is a Thrombosis?

What is an Atheroma?

What has happened at position D?

Which chamber do you think the green line represents?

Cardiac Output ( CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate ( HR). What is the cardiac output of an athlete with a SV of 95 cm³ , and a HR of 52 bpm?

What happens to the heart during Diastole?

Does this bar cart show a correlation between number of cigarettes smoked, and the risk of CVD?

Which type of blood vessel has the widest lumen?

In which direction ( if any), would a curve be for diving seal haemoglobin?

Which term describes that guard cells when the plant has plenty of water available?

The diagram shows an insect respiratory system. Which letter represents the tracheoles?

The Great White Shark and Black-tipped Reef Shark are two species which must keep swimming to stay alive. Why is this?

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria infecting the lungs, where amongst other effects it reduces tidal volume. What happens to the ventilation rate of sufferers?

Pulmonary Ventilation Rate ( PVR) -= Tidal Volume x breathing rate. If the breathing rate is 7, and the PVR is 1.4 dm³ min ^-1, what is the tidal volume?

Cresol red is an indicator which goes clear at a low pH. A plate of agar jelly with cresol red added was made, and two blocks were cut out. Block A measured 10mm x 10mm x 10mm. Block B measured 20mm x 7mm x 7mm. Are they a similar volume (within 5% difference)?

What is the volume of the same roughly spherical spongy mesophyll cell with a diameter of 80 µm, using the formula Volume=4/3 pi r ³?

Around 10,000 years ago, humans developed the ability to make lactase in adulthood, and so were able to digest diary products.

Stray dogs in the Moscow Subway have learnt to beg for food, and are able to identify humans most likely to feed them. What type of adaptation is this ?

A mutation in a population of bed bugs in New York City caused the bedbugs to have a thicker, waxier exoskeleton. Why will the allele for thicker , waxier exoskeleton in bed bugs increase in the population?

The Amish in America are a closed community, which only reproduce with-in their own population. They are descended from 200 Swiss who migrated there. They have a much higher proportion of alleles which cause genetic disorders, rarely seen in the rest of the population. What is this an example of?

Which of the following is true about all mutagenic agents?

What type of mutation is this ? ACCTGG becomes ACCTTGG

During recombination ( crossing over), genetic material can be swapped between which two structures?

How many chromatids are present in a human cell at the start of meiosis?

On this diagram, what does C represent?

What molecule is formed at the end of translation?

In eukaryotes, the pre-mRNA is modified by removing what?

Which enzyme is used in transcription?

What does RNA stand for?

What do H and h represent?

On this diagram, what does C represent?

In an homologous pair of chromosomes...

What is the genome of a cell?

What is the position of gene on a chromosome called?

Which of the following carries the code for the order of amino acids?

How would you describe the shape of prokaryotic chromosome, when compared to a eukaryotic chromosome?