Biology Random Retrieval Y13

Which enzyme will the Oestrogen - Oestrogen Receptor ( OOR) activate?

What is the oestrogen receptor called when the oestrogen has bound?

What is the difference between mRNA and pre-mRNA?

TTA = Leu TTG = Leu TTC = Phe TCA = Ser TAA = Stop What would be the order of amino acids in a polypeptide coded from this sequence?

TTCTTGTTATCATAA

The Hardy Weinberg principle only applies to a population that is or has ____.

A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area at a particular time' is the definition for what?

The actual ratio of phenotypes after several matings between the above two hamsters was more similar to 6:1:1:6. How are the alleles linked?

The diagram above shows a cross section of a human eye. Name layer A (Type your answer).

Why can't a second action potential pass immediately after the first ?

How does IAA bring about this effect?

True or False : Fungi can increase the uptake of water by a plant

Which process can occur due to the actions of Nitrobacter bacteria?

External digestion involves the secretion of enzymes outside of the organisms outer-most layer. Which term best describes this?

The diagram represents anaerobic respiration, name substance 'Z'.

Once 'W' reaches protein complex VI, what does it combine with to form water?

What is represented by molecule D?

Why did the student set up tube 1?

How many atoms of carbon in ONE molecule of substance C?

What does substance H do to substance B?

Where does the energy needed for the splitting of water originate?

The diagram shows an Arctic food web. The arctic fox consumes a 35% share of the primary consumers, with the Gulls and skuas consuming 65%. The arctic fox achieves a 9% energy efficiency, from the total primary consumers productivity of 6,112kJ m^-2yr^-1. What is the productivity of the arctic fox?

The diagram shows a food web found in the arctic. the producers have a net productivity of 4.52 x 10 ^-3 kJ m^-2yr^-1-2yr^-1

What is the formula for NPP?

The diagram above shows one form of anaerobic respiration, name molecule 'Z'.

Is this the correct equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells? : Glucose → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Ethanol

How many molecules of ATP are generated in aerobic respiration from one glucose molecule entering glycolysis, to the end of the ETC?

The ETC develops a proton gradient as the electrons pass through. What is the process of these protons moving down an electrochemical gradient called?

Name molecule 'Z'

What is passed along the 4 protein complexes - represented by 'W' on the diagram?

Which part of the mitochondria is represented by A?

If 3 million molecules of glucose are respired aerobically, how many molecules of CO₂ will be produced by the Krebs Cycle?

How many carbon atoms are in a single molecule of Oxaloacetate?

How many molecules of Y will be produced by the krebs cycle from a single molecule of glucose?

Name the above process: The ______ _________

Name molecule X

Name molecule Z

How many atoms of carbon in ONE molecule of substance C?

Which chemical does 'E' represent?

High energy' electrons leave the chlorophyll molecule: What state does that leave the chlorophyll molecule in?

What molecule is represented by 'B' on the diagram?

Which protein blocks the actin-myosin binding site in a relaxed myofibril?

Which of the above diagrams represents the myofilaments an 'M line' in muscle?

Layer B is the layer which contains the photoreceptor cells. What is it's name ? ( Type your answer).

In order for an action potential to be generated in a Pacinian corpuscle, what must happen?

Name part B on the above diagram (type your answer).

Can the potential difference created by a receptor have different values depending on the size of the stimulus?

When a stimulus is detected by a receptor, it generates a potential difference across it's plasma membrane. What is the name of this potential difference?

Synaptic knobs contain mitochondria, which of the following is NOT a use of ATP in the presynaptic neurone?

What term is used to describe when more than one presynaptic neurone releases its neurotransmitter onto single post-synaptic neurone? ( Type your answer carefully)

If a neurotransmitter binds to the post synaptic membrane and causes potassium ion channels to open, would it be excitatory or inhibitory?

Using the diagram, name C

After an action potential has fired, the refractory period acts as the following:

• a) Prevents action potentials overlapping
• b) Limit the frequency of action potentials
• c) Limit the size of action potentials
• d) Makes action potentials travel unidirectionally.

True or false: If more sodium channels are opened by a stimulus, then the action potential which is generated is bigger.

Which of the events (A - F above) starts depolarisation? Type the letter in the box

Name stage 5 on the above diagram ( spell it carefully!)

The plasma membrane of a neurone at rest is most permeable to which ions via facilitated diffusion?

Which word best describes the charge distribution across a resting axon plasma membrane?

Woodlice are more stationary with increased humidity. Is this taxis or kinesis?

Mica is like thin glass, and is impermeable to most substances. What does Boysen Jensen's experiment inserting mica show ?

Which of these statements about Went's experiment is NOT true?

True or false: Succession only happens on land?

What is the native climax community in the UK?

Which stage represents lichen and mosses?

Which method would you use to see if there is a correlation between profile height and percentage cover of marsh grass?

You can also use a transect to sample a population. When should a transect be used?

How many samples should you take to get reliable data?

Why is random sampling used?

Is predation a biotic or abiotic factor that effects population size?

What is the word used to describe 'The specific role of a species within its habitat'?

Which of the following isn't an example of genetic drift?

Which type of selection is human birthweight showing? (As low birth - weight babies and high birth - weight babies are less likely to survive)

Which type of selection is shown by Darwins finches, where small and large beaks were both at an advantage due to different food sources?

What is 'crossing over'?

Tay Sachs is a recessive disease which leads to the build up of certain lipids which eventually become toxic. The Cajun community in the USA has an incidence of about 1 in every 3,500 births. What is the number of homozygous dominant healthy individuals in a Cajun population of 100,000 people?

Drosophila is a type of fruit fly which is used in many genetic experiments. It has two alleles for eye colour : Red ( R) and White (r). If 0.8 of the alleles are red, how many are white?

What does 'p' represent ?

The actual ratio of phenotypes after several matings between the above two hamsters was more similar to 6:1:1:6. How are the alleles linked?

Which chromosome carries the sex linked alleles?

Marfan syndrome is a dominant inherited disorder, where the suffer develops an increase in a growth factor ( TGF - beta) which effects connective tissue. What is the probability of a healthy mother and a heterozygous father having a healthy child?

In Guinea pigs, ginger(G) hair is dominant to white(g), and short hair (S) is dominant to long (s). In the following cross: GgSs and GgSS, what percentage chance will the offspring being born long haired and ginger?

Why do we need two primers in PCR?

Primers are short single stranded pieces of complementary sequenced DNA. Which ISN'T a reason to add specific primers added to the PCR reaction?

What bond does DNA ligase create?

Which bond to restriction endonucleases ( restriction enzymes) break?

What do we call enzymes that cut DNA at specific base sequences?

What effect will having a high methylation of a promoter sequence , have on expression of that gene?

Which area of DNA is particularly affected by methylation?

Cardiomyocytes are an example of what type of stem cell?

What effect will siRNA have on expression of a gene?

Which level of protein structure will the binding of oestrogen alter?

What do we call a transcription factor that 'turns off ' genes?

If a tumour suppressor gene mutates, then it can mean the protein it codes for is non-functional. What will happen to the rate of mitosis if this happens?

Cancer is often caused by a mutation causing a cell to divide uncontrollably and spread into other tissues. Name the gene that normally increases cell division:

Which of the following would have the most dramatic effect on the primary structure of the polypeptide produced?

What word describes when a mutation causes all the following triplet codes to be misread in a different frame?

TTA = Leu TTG = Leu TTC = Phe TCA = Ser TAA = Stop Here is the original sequence : TTCTTGTTATCATAA. Here is a mutated sequence: TTCTTGTTATAACATAA.

What type of mutation has occurred?

If a section of DNA contains 21% base C, what percentage will base A have?

If a template strand has the code starting at the 5 prime end with 5' GCTAAGCA 3'. What would be the order the bases would be added to the new strand ?

What does the A stand for in the genetic code?

Name the components of a DNA nucleotide.