Biology Random Retrieval Y12

Biology Year 12 Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the year 12 biology section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

True or false : The Founder Effect is a type of genetic drift?

TRUE

FALSE

2 / 20

In an homologous pair of chromosomes, would alleles be...

Always homozygous ( two copies of the same form).

Always the same allele, but at different Loci.

Always heterozygous ( two copies but with different alleles).

Always at the same locus, but could be different alleles.

3 / 20

The Mass Flow Hypothesis, is the best explanation for translocation in plants. What does it suggest happens at 'sources'?

Substances move by diffusion from a high concentration where they are made, to a lower concentration in the phloem.

Substances are actively transported out of the source cell into the phloem, reducing the water potential in the phloem.

Substances are stored, reducing the concentration in the source, creating a concentration gradient.

4 / 20

How do you calculate the rate of water transpired by the plant?

Measure the drop in water from the beaker then divide by time.

Measure the drop in water from the reservoir above the tap.

Measure the radius of the capillary tube, then using the cross section area, multiply by the distance moved by the bubble and divide by time.

5 / 20

What has happened at position A?

The Atrioventricular valves open.

The Atrioventricular valves close.

The Semi- Lunar valves open.

6 / 20

In which direction ( if any) , would the curve be for human foetal haemoglobin?

Same as human adult

7 / 20

What is a xerophyte?

A plant that has roots exposed to the air.

A plant that grows in low light intensities.

A plant the grows in areas with low water availability.

8 / 20

Which number represents cells that can control water loss?

9 / 20

Pulmonary Ventilation Rate ( PVR) -= Tidal Volume x breathing rate. If someone take 60 breaths over 5 minutes, and takes in 230 cm³, what is their PVR?

2.76 dm³ min ^-1

2760 dm³ min ^-1

13.8 dm³ min ^-1

0.23 dm³ min ^-1

10 / 20

How have multicellular organisms adapted to not being able to absorb everything via diffusion over their surface?

A Transport System

Exchange Systems

Transport and Exchange Systems

Moving to maintain a concentration gradient.

11 / 20

Why can single celled organisms exchange many substances by simple diffusion over the plasma membrane?

Because the organelles are always located next to the plasma membrane.

Because there is always a concentration gradient.

Because the organisms have a small surface area to volume ratio.

Because the substances do not need to diffuse far (=short diffusion pathway).

12 / 20

Which of the following is a similarity between diffusion an osmosis?

Both are passive processes.

Both do not use energy.

Both use energy.

13 / 20

The diagram shows the cell cycle. What does 'M' stand for in the diagram? ( Spell it correctly)

14 / 20

Which organelle will be found in pellet A?

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Nucleus

15 / 20

Which of the following has the smallest wavelength?

Visible light

A beam of electrons

16 / 20

True or False : plasmids are passed on by binary fission only.

TRUE

FALSE

17 / 20

What is the main function of this organelle?

Processing and packaging Lipids

Synthesising and processing lipids

Folding and processing proteins

18 / 20

Where do non-competitive inhibitors bind?

The Active Site.

Somewhere on the protein other than the active site.

19 / 20

The optimum temperature for this enzyme is actually 40^oC. Describe what the line would look like on the above graph.

It would rise at the same rate as 25oC, but the extend beyond, and plateau above it.

It would rise steeper than 25oC at the start , but then plateau above it.

It would rise steeper than 25oC at the start , but then plateau at the same mass.

20 / 20

Which of these two molecules is a saturated fatty acid?

Neither

Your score is

Biology Molecules Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the Biology Molecules section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

Which of the following molecules contain a phosphate group?

Amino Acids, Nucleotides and ATP

Amino Acids and ATP

Nucleotides and ATP

2 / 20

An ion with a negative charge is called an anion. Which of the following is NOT an anion?

chloride

calcium

phosphate

3 / 20

What type of molecule is part C ?

Nucleotide

Organic Base

Porphyrin Ring

4 / 20

Which direction does the enzyme move along the template strand A?

3' to 5'

5' to 3'

5 / 20

Describe what the line would look like when a competitive inhibitor was added to the reaction.

The line would increase less steeply, but it would eventually plateau at the same rate as withut an inhibitor.

The line would be less steep at the start, and would plateau at a rate below the line without an inhibitor.

The line would go up at the same gradient at the start, but would then plateau at a lower rate.

6 / 20

Why does the graph plateau?

Because the enzyme has denatured so stops catalysing.

Because all the available active sites are occupied.

Because all the available substrate has been used up.

7 / 20

Which letter on the above graph shows when the most enzyme-substrate complexes will be formed?

8 / 20

Which of the following is true, in the currently accepted model of enzyme action?

The substrate is an exact fit to the active site.

The substrate changes shape slightly to fit into the active site.

The active site changes shape slightly to fit the substrate.

9 / 20

What substance are enzymes made out of?

Amino Acids

Fatty Acids

Polysaccharides

10 / 20

True or False : Endothermic enzyme controlled reactions do not require activation energy?

TRUE

FALSE

11 / 20

Other than peptide bonds, a folded protein also contains:

i) Hydrogen Bonds
ii) Ionic Bonds
iii) Di-Sulphide Bridges.

Which type of bond forms between two cysteine R groups?

ii)

iii)

12 / 20

Glycine and Alanine are two common amino acids. How are their structures different to each other?

They will have different R groups

They will form polypeptide chains of different lengths.

The peptide bonds between them will be diferent

13 / 20

What does R stand for on an amino acid?

Reduction Region

Reactionary Region

Variable Region

14 / 20

What is the name of the COOH group on an amino acid molecule?

Carbonic acid

Carboxyllic acid

Carbunkle acid

15 / 20

What type of reaction is the formation of a triglyceride from its subunits?

Condensation

Hydrolysis

Lipolysis

16 / 20

The 'tail' of a fatty acid can be a variable length molecule. But what type of molecule is the tail?

Polysaccharide

Polycarbonate

Hydrocarbon

17 / 20

The animal branched molecule, has many more branches than the plant version. Why is this?

It is insoluble.

It is stronger, and adds to the structure in muscles.

More sites for hydrolytic enzymes to attach, for swift energy release.

18 / 20

What feature does this polysaccharide have, that makes it straight?

Alternate monomers are inverted

Glycosidic bonds lie in opposite planes

Hydrogen bonds between polymers

19 / 20

What are the products of a condensation reaction between two alpha glucose molecules?

Glucose and water

Maltose

Maltose and water

20 / 20

Which molecule is Beta - Glucose?

Your score is

Cells Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the Cells section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

Which is the variable region on the above diagram?

2 / 20

True or False - Plasma cells are clones.

TRUE

FALSE

3 / 20

Look at the above graph, what is the concentration of sodium chloride inside the potato cells?

0.4 mol dm ^-3

0.35 mol dm ^-3

15 mol dm ^-3

4 / 20

In the above diagram of three cells, will water move from :

A to B

B to A

B to C

5 / 20

Is a higher water potential...

More free water molecules than another solution.

Fewer free water molecules than another solution.

6 / 20

Other than glucose, which substance can be absorbed from the ileum via co-transport?

Fatty Acids

Amino Acids

Water

7 / 20

In the above diagram, there are three membrane proteins: A, B and C. Which represents where facilitated diffusion occurs?

8 / 20

Which part of the phospholipid bilayer prevents sodium ions leaving via simple diffusion?

Hydrophilic Heads

Hydrophobic Tails

Glycocalyx

9 / 20

Which part is hydrophilic?

10 / 20

Why must the solution used to homogenise be cold?

To prevent the centrifuge over- heating.

To reduce the liquidity of the plasma membrane.

To reduce the activity of enzymes.

11 / 20

Which type of electron microscope produced this image?

TEM

SEM

12 / 20

Which type of electron microscope can be used on a thick specimen?

TEM

SEM

TEM & SEM

13 / 20

What term describes the ability to see two separate points, as two separate points. Rather than one large point on an image ? (You need to spell it correctly!)

14 / 20

Use the scale bar ( assume it measures 2cm) to calculate the actual diameter of virus particle A ( Assume it measures 3.5cm)

87.5 nm

875 nm

110 nm

15 / 20

The image shows palisade cells in a leaf. Line A (width) measures 8mm, and the magnification of the image is x10,000. What is the actual width (A) of the palisade cell?

8 μm

1.25 μm

0.8 μm

16 / 20

Which of the following is equivalent to 1m x 10^-6 ?

1μm

0.1μm

10μm

17 / 20

What is structure D called?

Nucleus

Plasmid

Nucleosome

18 / 20

True or false : Prokaryotic DNA coils around histones.

TRUE

FALSE

19 / 20

What is the function of this organelle?

Processing and packaging Lipids

Synthesising and processing lipids

Folding and processing proteins

20 / 20

What is the best definition of a eukaryotic cell?

Not a prokaryotic cell.

A cell that contains membrane bound organelles.

A plant or animal cell.

Your score is

Exchanges of Substances with the Environment Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the Exchanges of Substances with the Environment section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

If a small tube is inserted into the phloem through the bark of a tree, sap containing sucrose leaks out. Where on the tree will the most sap leak from due to the highest hydrostatic pressure?

Top of the branch, nearest the leaves.

Middle of the tree, near the top of the trunk.

Bottom of the trunk.

2 / 20

Which would not increase the volume of water transpired by the plant?

Low light Intensity

Low Humidity

High wind speed

3 / 20

Which direction will the bubble move?

Towards the beaker

Towards the plant

4 / 20

Which of the following would decrease the rate of transpiration?

High Humidity

High Light Intensity

High Temperature

5 / 20

Xylem or Phloem ? - This type of cell is carries dissolved organic substances both up and down the plant

Xylem

Phloem

6 / 20

Why are the Atrioventricular valves open at D?

Because the heart is in diastole.

Because the pressure is higher in the ventricle than the atrium.

Because the pressure has become higher in the atria than the ventricle.

7 / 20

Which chamber do you think the green line represents?

Aorta

Atrium

Ventricle

8 / 20

When will the valves close?

When the pressure is lower in front of the valve and higher behind it.

When the pressure is higher in front of the valve, and lower behind it.

When the pressure is equal.

9 / 20

Where in a human, is the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen the highest?

Veins

Respiring Muscles

Percentage

10 / 20

What is a xerophyte?

A plant that has roots exposed to the air.

A plant that grows in low light intensities.

A plant the grows in areas with low water availability.

11 / 20

How does water move into the guard cells?

Translocation

Transpiration

Osmosis

12 / 20

How is a concentration gradient maintained inside the leaf?

Photosynthesis using carbon dioxide and producing oxygen.

Aerobic respiration using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis and respiration.

13 / 20

Which number represents a layer which is 2 or 3 times thicker in desert plants?

14 / 20

Pulmonary Ventilation Rate ( PVR) -= Tidal Volume x breathing rate. If the breathing rate is 7, and the PVR is 1.4 dm³ min ^-1, what is the tidal volume?

0.2 dm³

9.8 dm³

200 dm³

980 dm³

15 / 20

Which is an example of a behavioural adaptation which allows an animal to live at hotter temperatures?

Having enzymes with a higher optimum temperature.

Finding shade.

Thin, coarse hair or scales.

Small size.

16 / 20

Some animals are adapted to a lower environmental temperature. Which of the following is an example of this?

Larger size, means more cells, so a larger volume.

Larger size means an increase in surface area to volume ratio.

Smaller ears means an increase in surface area to volume ratio.

Fat animals are cute

17 / 20

Cresol red is an indicator which goes clear at a low pH. A plate of agar jelly with cresol red added was made, and two blocks were cut out. Block A measured 10mm x 10mm x 10mm. Block B measured 20mm x 7mm x 7mm. You have chosen one which will decolourise the quickest, why did you choose that block?

Because it had the smallest surface area to voume ratio.

Because it had the largest surface area to volume ratio.

Because it had the largest Volume to surface area ratio.

I guessed !

18 / 20

Yes

19 / 20

Is it important which way round the numbers go when writing a ratio?

Yes

20 / 20

A Palisade cell is rectangular, and measures 100 µm by 40 µm. What is its surface area?

4,000 µm²

160,000 µm ²

19,200µm²

5,600 µ²

Your score is

Genetic Variation & Information Random Retrieval

This quiz contains all the questions in the Genetic Variation & Information section. The website will pick 20 questions at random.

1 / 20

How do Microbiologists test for bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics?

Measuring the size of bacterial colonies.

Measuring the Inhibition Zone.

Monoclonal Antibodies.

2 / 20

Babiana Ringens is a South African plant, which flowers on the ground. They are pollinated by birds, so to attract them they have evolved a sturdy stalk with no leaves or flowers which acts as a bird perch.

Physiological

Anatomical

Behavioural

3 / 20

Why do most mutations cause a decrease in reproductive success?

Because a mutation often causes a non-functional protein in the affected organism, leading to a loss of function in certain tissues or organs.

Because the mutation will reduce the production of gametes.

Because the mutation means only infertile offspring are produced.

4 / 20

Tristan De Cunha is an island populated by a small number of Britons in the early 1800's. What is this an example of ?

Speciation

Genetic Bottleneck.

Founder Effect

5 / 20

Two of the above mutations will always cause a non functional protein. Why?

They add or remove an amino acid.

They alter both strands of the double helix.

They cause a frame-shift in the triplet code.

6 / 20

What type of mutation is this ? ACCTGG becomes ACGTGG

Addition

Substitution

Deletion

7 / 20

What is the main cause of variation between siblings?

Recombination

Mutation

Independent Segregation

8 / 20

During recombination ( crossing over), genetic material can be swapped between which two structures?

Homologous Chromosomes

Sister Chromosomes

9 / 20

How does metaphase 1, differ from metaphase 2 in meiosis?

The centrioles do not produce a spindle.

The homologous chromosomes are lined up in pairs, not single chromosomes.

The nuclear membrane does not breakdown,

10 / 20

Which number represents metaphase 1 of meiosis?

11 / 20

What word describes cells which contain single chromosomes?

Haploid

Diploid

Polyploid

12 / 20

Where does translation take place?

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosome

13 / 20

In eukaryotes, the pre-mRNA is modified by removing what?

Introns

Exons

Start Codons

14 / 20

What bond is formed between the free RNA bases, once they have formed complementary base pairs?

Ester Linkage

Hydrogen Bond

Phospho- Di Ester Bond

15 / 20

What does RNA stand for?

Ribulose Nucleic Acid

Ribo Nucleic Acid

Rhino Nucleic Acid

16 / 20

On this diagram, what does D represent?

Locus

Homologous Chromosomes

Centromeres

17 / 20

What do we call a section of DNA which does not carry a code for a functional RNA or amino acid?

Introns

Exons

Variable Number Tandem Repeats

Promoter Sequences

18 / 20

Which word does NOT describe the genetic code?

Degenerate

Universal

Non-Overlapping

Interrupted

19 / 20

What is a gene?

A section of DNA

A section of DNA which codes for a protein

A section of DNA which codes for a functional RNA

A section of DNA which codes for a protein or a functional RNA.

20 / 20

Which type of DNA is not circular?

Mitochondrial

Plant Nuclear

Chloroplast

Bacterial

Your score is

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