Biology Random Retrieval Y12

The Amish in America are a closed community, which only reproduce with-in their own population. They are descended from 200 Swiss who migrated there. They have a much higher proportion of alleles which cause genetic disorders, rarely seen in the rest of the population. What is this an example of?

Which term describes the specific attraction of bases?

Which chamber do you think the blue line represents?

On the graph, which letter shows where it is hardest for oxygen to associate?

Why do some xerophytes have hairs over the stomatal pits?

How does water move into the guard cells?

What does Pulmonary Ventilation Rate (PVR) mean?

Look at the above graph, what is the concentration of sodium chloride inside the potato cells?

A worm native to fresh water will die when placed in sea water. Why is this?

Which part of the phospholipid bilayer prevents sodium ions leaving via simple diffusion?

What piece of equipment can you use to measure the colour change? (spell it correctly)

The diagram shows the cell cycle. What does 'M' stand for in the diagram? ( Spell it correctly)

What ISN'T organelle A?

In a section of double stranded DNA, there were 62 bases. Of these, 20 were A. How many of the bases were C?

What base does the 'T' stand for?

The optimum temperature for this enzyme is actually 40^oC. Describe what the line would look like on the above graph.

What is the name of this molecule?

On the above diagram, what does structure '1' represent?

Which polysaccharide do animal cells use as storage?

Which reagent is used to test for reducing sugars?

What word best describes this molecule?

Name the enzyme involved in the breakdown of ATP

Which pair of scientists proved the method by which DNA replicated?

Which direction does the enzyme move along the template strand A?

Which enzyme works along the template DNA strand, joining new monomers together?

Name the type of bond that forms when two DNA monomers attach.

Why does the graph plateau?

On the above graph, lines A and B represent the same enzyme, in identical conditions; the only difference is the temperature.

What would happen to the red line after this point ?

When an enzyme is denatured, which bonds are NOT broken?

In this reaction, what is the activation energy for the enzyme catalysed reaction?

What substance are enzymes made out of?

The structure of a protein relates to its function. What is the best description of a channel protein from the following?

On the above diagram, what does structure '2' represent?

On the above diagram, what does structure '1' represent?

Which of the following terms best describes the phosphate part of a phospholipid?

What is the standard structure of a phospholipid?

Fats that contain unsaturated fatty acids (compared to saturated) are more likely to have:

What is the formula for the group at the end of a fatty acid where it bonds to the glycerol?

What type of bond forms between the monomers in starch?

Are all monosaccharides reducing sugars?

During phagocytosis, the pathogen is detected by molecule A on the cell surface membrane. What are the molecules labelled A called?

Read the above passage. Before reweighing, the potato was blotted dry. Which of the following is NOT a reason for doing this?

In the above diagram of three cells, will water move from :

In the above diagram, there are three membrane proteins: A, B and C. Which represents where facilitated diffusion occurs?

True or false : Active transport can go down a concentration gradient, or up a concentration gradient.

True or false : Facilitated diffusion can use channel proteins or transport proteins, but active transport only uses transport proteins.

Which type of membrane protein is not involved in facilitated diffusion?

Does a concentration gradient need to be established before facilitated diffusion can take place?

Which of the following factors when increased, will decrease the rate of diffusion?

a) The Concentration Gradient

b) The Surface Area

c) The Diffusion Pathway

Which part of the phospholipid bilayer prevents sodium ions leaving via simple diffusion?

Give an example of a molecule which would pass through F

Which molecules are found in A?

Which molecule makes up part D?

How long is one complete cell cycle on this graph?

To look at a sample under a microscope, you need to prepare a temporary mount. Why does the specimen have to be thin?

To look at a fresh sample under a light microscope, you'll need to prepare a temporary mount. What is NOT used to stick the specimen to the microscope slide?

Name this organelle

What ISN'T organelle A?

What is the function of this organelle?

What is the function of this organelle?

What happens to the solutes at the sink?

What is translocation the movement of?

What is the tap and water reservoir above it for?

What piece of equipment is used to measure transpiration ?

Water molecules stick together due to what type of bond?

This bar chart shows the risk of CVD with differing amounts of cigarettes smoked per day. Is there a significant difference in risk between smoking no cigarettes, and smoking 1 - 19 cigarettes a day?

In the diagram of the human circulatory system, which letter represents the Pulmonary Vein?

Why are there large gaps between the mesophyll cells ?

What maintains the concentration gradients for gaseous exchange in the tracheoles?

Why does the blood flow in an opposite direction the the water?

What is the function of the lamellae?

Using the diagram, which part is a gill filament?

Pulmonary Ventilation Rate ( PVR) -= Tidal Volume x breathing rate. If the breathing rate is 7, and the PVR is 1.4 dm³ min ^-1, what is the tidal volume?

What is the correct term for the cells which make up the alveolar wall?

Which muscles contract when you exhale at rest?

Which of the following is the correct sequence for inhalation?

Other than surface area to volume ratio, which is an example of a physiological adaptation, which allows an animal to live at colder temperatures?

Some animals are adapted to a lower environmental temperature. Which of the following is an example of this?

What is the surface area to volume ratio of a spongy mesophyll cell with the surface area of 24,000 µm ², and a volume of 110,000µm ³?

A Palisade cell is rectangular, and measures 100 µm by 40 µm. What is its surface area?

Why do most mutations cause a decrease in reproductive success?

The Amish in America are a closed community, which only reproduce with-in their own population. They are descended from 200 Swiss who migrated there. They have a much higher proportion of alleles which cause genetic disorders, rarely seen in the rest of the population. What is this an example of?

Tristan De Cunha is an island populated by a small number of Britons in the early 1800's. What is this an example of ?

After a genetic bottleneck, what is true about the alleles of the survivors?

Which is an example of a Genetic Bottleneck?

Which of the following is the result of a chromosome mutation?

What type of mutation is this ? ACCTGG becomes ACTGG

As there are now 4 chromatids in each homologous pair, they are sometimes called what?

On this diagram, what does A represent?

What word describes cells which contain single chromosomes?

What word describes cells which contain pairs of chromosomes?

What is translation?

In eukaryotes, the pre-mRNA is modified by removing what?

Which term describes the specific attraction of bases?

What does the 'm' stand for in mRNA?

Which is the true statement about DNA compared to RNA?

What does RNA stand for?

On this diagram, what does B represent?

What is the position of gene on a chromosome called?

Describe how prokaryotic DNA is stored