U4T5 – Natural Selection

Natural Selection

1 / 19

How do new alleles occur in a population?

Crossing Over

Independent Assortment

Mutation

2 / 19

What do we mean by 'Evolution' in biological terms?

Artificial Selection

Natural Selection

Speciation

3 / 19

What does 'Differential Reproductive Success' mean?

Some individuals within a population are more likely to reproduce than others.

Different species have different reproductive success.

More organisms reproduce successfully over time.

4 / 19

Why do most mutations cause a decrease in reproductive success?

Because a mutation often causes a non-functional protein in the affected organism, leading to a loss of function in certain tissues or organs.

Because the mutation will reduce the production of gametes.

Because the mutation means only infertile offspring are produced.

5 / 19

A mutation in a population of bed bugs in New York City caused the bedbugs to have a thicker, waxier exoskeleton. Why will the allele for thicker , waxier exoskeleton in bed bugs increase in the population?

The thicker exoskeleton makes it easier to lay eggs. More eggs are laid, so more bed bugs with thicker exoskeleton.

The thicker exoskeleton means that the insecticide used to kill them is no longer effective. The thicker exoskeletal bed bugs are more likely to reproduce and pass on the new allele.

The waxy exoskeleton is waterproof, so they are less likely to drown.

6 / 19

Stray dogs in the Moscow Subway have learnt to beg for food, and are able to identify humans most likely to feed them. What type of adaptation is this ?

Physiological

Anatomical

Behavioural

7 / 19

The Western Corn Rootworm has developed resistance to a protein pesticide found in transgenic crops. The protein no longer damages the digestive tract of the insect.

Physiological

Anatomical

Behavioural

8 / 19

Babiana Ringens is a South African plant, which flowers on the ground. They are pollinated by birds, so to attract them they have evolved a sturdy stalk with no leaves or flowers which acts as a bird perch.

Physiological

Anatomical

Behavioural

9 / 19

Around 10,000 years ago, humans developed the ability to make lactase in adulthood, and so were able to digest diary products.

Physiological

Anatomical

Behavioural

10 / 19

What type of selection is shown on this graph?

Directional

Stabilising

Convergent

11 / 19

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

Human Birth Weight

Length of a giraffe's neck.

Best camouflaged colour of mouse's coat in woodland.

12 / 19

What type of selection is shown on the graph?

Length of a giraffe's neck.

Thickness of blubber in a weddel seal.

Human Birth Weight.

13 / 19

What type of selection is resistance to antibiotics by bacteria?

Directional

Stabilising

Convergent

14 / 19

Which of the following has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria?

Prescription of anibiotics for serious bacterial infections only.

Patients completing the full course of antibiotics.

Over prescription of antibiotics.

15 / 19

What caused the antibiotic resistance in the first place?

Independent Assortment

Speciation

Mutation

16 / 19

The development of antibiotic resistance is an example of what type of selection?

Natural Selection

Artificial Selection

Stabilising Selection

17 / 19

How do Microbiologists test for bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics?

Measuring the size of bacterial colonies.

Measuring the Inhibition Zone.

Monoclonal Antibodies.

18 / 19

True or false : The most effective antibiotic for E Coli O121 will also be the most effective antibiotic for EColi K1.

TRUE

FALSE

19 / 19

What technique is required when culturing bacteria?

Septic Technique

Aseptic Technique

Antibiotic Technique

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