U4T4 – Mutation and Genetic Diversity

Mutation and Genetic Diversity

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What is a gene mutation?

The addition of a marker molecule onto the DNA

A chemical which binds to DNA

A change in the DNA base sequence

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What type of mutation is this ? ACCTGG becomes ACGTGG

Addition

Substitution

Deletion

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What type of mutation is this ? ACCTGG becomes ACCTTGG

Addition

Substitution

Deletion

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What type of mutation is this ? ACCTGG becomes ACTGG

Addition

Substitution

Deletion

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Which of the following gene mutations will have the least dramatic effect on the polypeptide produced?

Addition

Substitution

Deletion

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Some gene mutations will have no effect at all on the polypeptide, why not?

The genetic code is universal

The genetic code is degenerate

DNA is double stranded

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Two of the above mutations will always cause a non functional protein. Why?

They add or remove an amino acid.

They alter both strands of the double helix.

They cause a frame-shift in the triplet code.

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Which of the following is a mutagenic agent?

Ultra Violet Radiation

Infra Red Radiation

Visible Light

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Which of the following can be a mutagenic agent?

Bacteria

Fungus

Viruses

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Which of the following is true about all mutagenic agents?

They always cause a mutation.

They increase the probability of a mutation.

They are only harmful in large amounts.

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Which of the following is the result of a chromosome mutation?

Cystic Fibrosis

Down's Syndrome

Huntington's

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In Biology, what does genetic diversity represent in a population?

The number of different versions of alleles within a species.

The number of different breeds with-in a species.

The number of different species.

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Which of the following will reduce genetic diversity in a population?

Mutation

Genetic Bottleneck

Migration

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What happens to the number of different alleles during a genetic bottleneck?

They are increased, because of an increase in mutations.

They are reduced, because those wiped out alleles give a disadvantage to the organism.

They are reduced due to massive population reduction, but which alleles are removed is due to chance.

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Which is an example of a Genetic Bottleneck?

Bounty hunters killing Florida Panthers almost to extinction, for a reward in the early 1900's.

A domesticated dog escaping, and breeding with wild dogs.

Two separated populations interbreeding.

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After a genetic bottleneck, what is true about the alleles of the survivors?

There is the same number of different of alleles.

There are fewer alleles in the surviving population.

There are more alleles in the surviving population

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True or false - The Founder Effect is a type of genetic bottle neck?

TRUE

FALSE

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True or false : The Founder Effect is a type of genetic drift?

TRUE

FALSE

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Tristan De Cunha is an island populated by a small number of Britons in the early 1800's. What is this an example of ?

Speciation

Genetic Bottleneck.

Founder Effect

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Why do the modern day population of Tristan De Cunha has a much higher than average incidence of the genetic disorder Retinitis Pigmentosa?

Retinitis Pigmentosa has less effect on eye sight in the bright sunshine.

Everyone without Retinitis Pigmentosa left the island.

One of the original population carried the allele, and all descendants are therefore more likely to carry the rare allele.

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The Amish in America are a closed community, which only reproduce with-in their own population. They are descended from 200 Swiss who migrated there. They have a much higher proportion of alleles which cause genetic disorders, rarely seen in the rest of the population. What is this an example of?

Speciation

Genetic Bottleneck

Founder Effect

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