M6S8 – Organic Mechanisms

Organic Mechanisms

1 / 10

Which statement helps to explain why propene react with hydrogen bromide to form mainly 2-bromopropane and much less 1-bromopropane?

this is what Markovnikov's rule predicts

the double bond in an alkene consists of a sigma bond and a pi bond

CH₃CH⁺CH₃ is more stable than CH₃CH₂CH₂⁺

CH₃CHBrCH₃ is more stable than CH₃CH₂CH₂Br

2 / 10

Which of these chemical species are nucleophiles with react with halogenoalkanes?

(i) cyanide ions

(ii) hydroxide ions

(iii) ammonia molecules

(iv) ammonium ions

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iii) only

(ii) and (iv) only

(iv) alone

3 / 10

Which of these chemical species are electrophiles which add to alkenes?

(i) bromine molecules

(ii) sulfuric acid molecules

(iii) hydrogen bromide molecules

(iv) sulfate ions

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iii) only

(ii) and (iv) only

(iv) alone

4 / 10

In which of these reactions between pairs of reagents is the bond breaking homolytic?

(i) butan-1-ol with sodium bromide and concentrated sulfuric acid

(ii) catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons

(iii) bromine with ethene

(iv) bromine with hexane

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iii) only

(ii) and (iv) only

(iv) alone

5 / 10

In which of these reactions between pairs of reagents is the bond breaking heterolytic?

(i) hydrogen bromide with propene

(ii) hydrogen bromide and butan-1-ol

(iii) sodium hydroxide with 1-bromopropane

(iv) bromine with hexane

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iii) only

(ii) and (iv) only

(iv) alone

6 / 10

Which of these changes represents a termination step of a chain reaction?

(i) CH₃^. + CH₃^. -> CH₃CH₃

(ii) CH₃^. + Br₂ -> CH₃Br + Br^.

(iii) Br^. + Br^. -> Br₂

(iv) Br^. + CH₄ -> CH₃^. + HBr

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iii) only

(ii) and (iv) only

(iv) alone

7 / 10

In which of these organic compounds are all the bonds non-polar?

(i) 1-bromobutane

(ii) butene

(iii) butan-2-ol

(iv) butane

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iii) only

(ii) and (iv) only

(iv) alone

8 / 10

Which of these conversions is an example of nucleophilic substitution?

ethane to chloroethane

ethene to 1,2-dichloroethane

ethanol to bromoethane

ethanol to ethene

9 / 10

Which of these statements defines a free radical?

an uncharged species

a species with an unpaired electron

an intermediate in a multi-step reaction

a species formed by breaking a covalent bond

10 / 10

Methane reacts with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light. The reactive chemical species which attacks methane molecules during the reaction is:

Cl₂

Cl⁺

Cl^-

Cl^.

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