Waves and the Nature of Light

Category: Waves and the Nature of Light

Introduction to Waves

1 / 15

Select on the diagram which arrow represents the wavelength of the wave.

2 / 15

Select the wave with the smallest amplitude.

3 / 15

Select the wave with the highest frequency.

4 / 15

Which wave is being described here: The motion of energy is perpendicular to the direction of travel.

Transverse Wave

Longitudinal Wave

5 / 15

Which wave is being described here: The motion of energy is along the same direction as the direction of travel.

Transverse Wave

Longitudinal Wave

6 / 15

Calculate the speed of a wave with a frequency of 10 kHz and a wavelength of 2 m.

0.2 ms^-1

5 ms^-1

20 ms^-1

20 kms^-1

7 / 15

Calculate the frequency of a wave travelling at 500 ms^-1 with a wavelength of 25 m.

0.05 Hz

20 Hz

1.25 kHz

12.5 kHz

8 / 15

Calculate the speed of a wave with a time period of 1x10^-3 s and a wavelength of 250 cm.

400 ms^-1

2500 ms^-1

4000 ms^-1

2.5x10⁵ ms^-1

9 / 15

Mark reads the back label of his microwave oven, it says frequency = 2450 MHz. Calculate the wavelength.

12.2 cm

73.5 cm

1.22 m

122 m

10 / 15

Soumya plays a note of wavelength 25 cm on her synthesiser. She knows the speed of sound is 340 ms^-1 in air. Calculate the frequency.

13.6 Hz

85 Hz

1360 Hz

8.5 kHz

11 / 15

A sound wave of wavelength 0.332 m has a time period of 10^-3s. If the time period is decreased to 10^-4 s. Calculate the wavelength of the new wave.

0.332 cm

3.32 cm

33.2 cm

333 cm

12 / 15

Calculate the intensity of a wave of power 1.6 KW and falling on an area of 2.1×10⁴ m²?

0.131 Wm^-2

0.762 Wm^-2

0.076 Wm^-2

1.31 Wm^-2

13 / 15

Polarisation only occurs with which type of waves?

Transverse Wave

Longitudinal Wave

14 / 15

If unpolarised light waves pass through two polarised filters, and no light can be seen through them, what is the angle between the two transmission axes of the filters?

0°

45°

90°

180°

15 / 15

When two polarised filters have an angle of 45° between their two transmission axes, what is the intensity of the light detected compared to the unpolarised incident light?

25%

50%

100%

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Superposition, Coherence and Stationary Waves

1 / 12

Select the correct pair of conditions necessary for sources of waves to be coherent.

Same wavelength with a phase relationship a time period apart.

Same frequency with a phase relationship a time period apart.

Same wavelength with a constant phase relationship T/2 apart.

Same frequency with a constant phase relationship

2 / 12

Which condition is not necessary for the production of a stationary wave?

The waves are travelling in opposite directions.

An equal ratio of nodes to antinodes.

The waves are coherent.

The waves are in the same medium.

3 / 12

The image above shows two wave fronts before, during and after meeting. What is this an example of?

Constructive interference

Destructive interference

Stationary wave

4 / 12

Two coherent, in phase waves have a path difference of 3λ. What kind of interference occurs?

Constructive interference

Destructive interference

None

5 / 12

An experiment is set up as shown above, with two speakers connected to the same signal generator and switched on. At what points is the path difference an integer?

A, C and E

B and D

A and E

A, B, C, D and E

6 / 12

Two points on a wave have a phase difference of 1080°, are they in phase?

Yes

No - they are out of phase

No - they are exactly out of phase

7 / 12

Two points on a wave have a phase difference of 7π radians, are they in phase?

Yes

No - they are out of phase

No - they are exactly out of phase

8 / 12

On a stationary wave, where is there maximum vibration.

Nodes

Antinodes

9 / 12

What is the wavelength of the fifth harmonic of a stationary wave on a string of length 4m fixed at both ends?

0.67 m

0.8 m

1.25 m

1.6 m

10 / 12

The wavelength of a standing wave on a string fixed at both ends is 35 cm at the sixth harmonic, what is the full length of the string?

0.7m

1.05 m

2.1 m

2.45 m

11 / 12

Identify the stationary wave pattern for a string at the fourth harmonic.

12 / 12

A stationary wave at the first harmonic is created on a 40 cm length of string with mass 1.2 kg. The full length of the string is 65 cm and is under tension of 3 N. Calculate the frequency.

0.125 Hz

0.196 Hz

1.25 Hz

1.96 Hz

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Refractive Index

1 / 10

Light travels at 2.25x10⁸ ms^-1 in water, what is the refractive index of water?

0.75

1.33

1.59

2 / 10

Why is cladding is required in fibre optics?

Avoid the loss of signal

Required to ensure total internal reflection

Protect the cable from damage

All of the above

3 / 10

The refractive index of glass is 1.52, what speed does light travel through it?

1.97x10⁸ ms^-1

2.97x10⁸ ms^-1

3x10⁸ ms^-1

4.56x10⁸ ms^-1

4 / 10

This diagram shows a ray of light travelling through a semi-circular glass block. Which letter would represent the critical angle if TIR occurred?

5 / 10

Light passes from air through a glass container and into olive oil. Select the diagram that best shows this. Refractive indexes are as follows: glass = 1.52 and oil = 1.47

6 / 10

This image shows a cross section of fibre optic cable. Select why the ray enters the cladding.

The angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle

The angle of incidence is less than the critical angle

The angle of refraction is greater than the critical angle

The angle of refraction is less than the critical angle

7 / 10

The speed of light in the core of a fibre optic cable is 2.04x10⁸ ms^-1. Calculate the refractive index.

0.68

1.27

1.47

8 / 10

Calculate the critical angle for the boundary when light leaves a medium of refractive index 1.52 and enters air.

0.01°

0.65°

41.1°

65.7°

9 / 10

Light travelling through air is incident on glass at an angle of 23°. The refractive index of the glass is 1.52. Calculate the angle of refraction.

0.3°

14.9°

23.0°

25.7°

10 / 10

In a fibre optic cable the core has a refractive index of 1.52 and it's cladding is 1.34. Calculate the critical angle at the boundary between the core and cladding of the cable.

0.02°

41.1°

44.7°

69.1°

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Lenses

1 / 12

Which lens causes light to diverge?

Convex

Concave

2 / 12

Which type(s) of images do concave lenses form?

Real only

Virtual only

Both real and virtual

3 / 12

Which type(s) of images do convex lenses form?

Real only

Virtual only

Both real and virtual

4 / 12

Which diagram represents a concave lens?

5 / 12

What is the name of distance between the lens and the principal focus?

Focal length

Principal length

Lens length

Real length

6 / 12

An object is 30 mm from a convex lens with focal length 8 cm. Is the image virtual or real?

Real

Virtual

7 / 12

An small child's toy is 4 cm from a lens with focal length of 6 cm. How far away from the lens is the image formed?

0.67 cm

1.5 cm

2.4 cm

12 cm

8 / 12

An image of a perfectly circular object of radius 25.8 cm is projected onto a screen. The object is also perfectly circular and has an area of 16.3 cm. Calculate the magnification on the lens.

1.58

5.24

32.6

128.9

9 / 12

Select the correct statement.

A virtual image is formed by the convergence of light towards a point.

A real image is formed by the divergence of light away from a point.

A real image is formed by the convergence of light away from a point.

A virtual image is formed by the divergence of light away from a point.

10 / 12

A focal point for a concave lens is 150 mm away from the lens. An object is then placed 7.5 cm from the lens. Calculate the distance the image is from the lens.

7.89 mm

78.94 mm

18.75 mm

187.5 mm

11 / 12

A lens has a focal length of 4.8 cm. Calculate the lens' power.

0.21 D

2 D

4.8 D

8.3 D

12 / 12

An inverted image is seen 3 times its original size when the object is placed 140 mm front of a convex lens. Calculate the focal length of the lens.

95 mm

105 mm

140 mm

420 mm

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Diffraction

1 / 10

Diffraction is an example of light behaving as a __________.

Particle

Wave

2 / 10

The greatest amount of diffraction occurs when _________.

The gap is half the size of the wavelength.

The gap and the wavelength are the same size.

The gap is twice the size of the wavelength.

The gap doesn't affect diffraction.

3 / 10

A diffraction grating has 350 slits per metre, what the slit spacing, d?

¹/₃₅₀

175

350

700

4 / 10

Reducing the width of a single slit that has monochromatic light passing through affects the central maximum, how?

The width and intensity both increase

The width and intensity both decrease

The width is unchanged but intensity decreases

The width increases but the intensity decreases

5 / 10

Reducing the width of a single slit that has monochromatic light passing through affects the central maximum, how?

The width and intensity both increase

The width and intensity both decrease

The width is unchanged but intensity decreases

The width increases but the intensity decreases

6 / 10

Calculate the wavelength of a monochromatic light incident on a diffraction grating of 2.67x10⁶ lines per metre with an angle of 17° to the first order maxima.

5.40x10^-8 m

1.09x10^-7 m

4.54x10³ m

7.81x10⁵ m

7 / 10

A blue laser of wavelength 480 nm is incident on a diffraction grating of 3.00x10⁶ lines per metre, how many order maxima (excluding 0 order) can be seen?

8 / 10

Where is the brightest maxima located?

zero order

1st order

2nd order

nth order

9 / 10

Light of wavelength 7.12x10^-7 m is incident on a diffraction grating with a line spacing of 1.89x10^-6 m. Calculate the angle from the normal to the 2nd order maximum.

13.2°

22.1°

48.9°

63.4°

10 / 10

Remember Young's slits from GCSE? He's back! Incident monochromatic light of 0.43 μm is shone on a double slit of separation of 0.26 mm. If the screen is 42 cm away from the grating, calculate the fringe width.

8.92x10^-11 m

6.95x10^-4 m

3.40x10^-2 m

No diffraction pattern is produced

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Application of Waves

1 / 10

What is the technique used in ultrasound scanning?

Sonar

Pulse-Echo

US-Reflection

Transducing

2 / 10

BBC Radio Sheffield West Midlands broadcasts on 97.4 MHz. Calculate the wavelength of the radio waves.

0.32 m

3.08 m

33.35 m

318.67 m

3 / 10

Which one of the following types of wave can't be polarised?

gamma

ultraviolet

infrared

ultrasonic

4 / 10

Complete the sentence: "When waves pass from one medium to another, if the mediums have similar densities then most of the energy is ____________."

reflected

absorbed

scattered

transmitted

5 / 10

Fishermen use sonar to detect the depth of fish beneath the boat. On this occasion, the echo returned after 0.83 s. The speed of sonar waves through water is 1500 m s^-1. Calculate the depth of the fish.

180.7 m

553.3 m

1245 m

1807 m

6 / 10

Why is gel added to a patient's skin when using ultrasound?

Makes the ultrasound transducer easier to slide over skin.

Prevents air entering between the transducer and skin blocking the ultrasound waves entering the body.

Makes the skin cold and reduces the interference from infrared radiation.

Prevents air entering between the transducer and skin reflecting away the ultrasound waves entering the body.

7 / 10

Select the missing word: "For ultrasounds, ________ wavelengths produce clearer images".

Shorter

Longer

High amplitude

Low amplitude

8 / 10

What happens when a ultrasound wavelength meets an interface in the body?

The ultrasound waves are reflected.

The ultrasound waves are transmitted.

Some ultrasound waves are reflected and some are transmitted.

Some ultrasound waves are absorbed by body tissue and the rest are scattered.

9 / 10

Which sentence is true of ultrasound transducers?

The pulses must be long and the gaps between pulses must be short.

The pulses must be short and the gaps between pulses must be long.

The pulses and the gaps between pulses must be the same duration.

10 / 10

Select the missing phrase: "For an object to be resolved in the body, the ultrasound wavelength must be ________ the object."

Larger than

Smaller than

The same size as

Half the size of

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Photons, Electrons and Spectra

1 / 12

Select the definition of the electron volt.

An electronvolt is equal to the electrical energy of an electron when it is accelerated through a potential difference of one volt.

An electronvolt is equal to the potential energy of an electron when it is accelerated through a potential difference of one volt.

An electronvolt is equal to the kinetic energy of an electron when it is accelerated through a potential difference of one volt.

An electronvolt is equal to the total energy of an electron when it is accelerated through a potential difference of one volt.

2 / 12

In the context of electrons in atoms, what is excitation?

Enough energy is absorbed by an electron causing it to move to a higher energy level.

Enough energy is absorbed by an electron causing it to break free of the atom.

Enough energy is absorbed by an atom causing it to release all its electrons.

Enough energy is absorbed by an atom causing all its electrons to move up an energy level.

3 / 12

Electrons are accelerated through a potential difference of 230 V. Calculate their velocity.

3.68x10^-7 ms^-1

21 ms^-1

8.89x10⁷ ms^-1

7.91x10¹³ ms^-1

4 / 12

What is meant by the threshold frequency for a metal?

The frequency of light required to cause electrons to eject from any metal at the speed of light.

The frequency of light required to cause electrons to eject from any metal.

The frequency of light required to cause electrons to eject from a specific metal at the speed of light.

The frequency of light required to cause electrons to eject from a specific metal.

5 / 12

What is the effect on the emission of electrons the frequency of the incident light was increased?

More electrons are emitted from the surface of the metal

Nothing

The same amount of electrons will be emitted from the surface of the metal but with a greater kinetic energy.

Less electrons will be emitted from the surface of the metal but with a greater kinetic energy.

6 / 12

The work functions of four metals are shown above. These metals are irradiated by incident light of 5.2x10¹⁴ Hz, which metals will emit electrons?

All four metals.

Potassium, Sodium and Zinc only.

Potassium only.

None of the metals.

7 / 12

If the intensity of incident light was increased on a surface where electrons were already being emitted what would the effect be?

More electrons are emitted from the surface of the metal

Nothing

The same amount of electrons will be emitted from the surface of the metal but with a greater kinetic energy.

Less electrons will be emitted from the surface of the metal but with a greater kinetic energy.

8 / 12

For the first electron to be liberated from a helium atom 24.6 eV of energy is required. Calculate the frequency of light needed.

2.70 x10^-35 Hz

5.94x10¹⁵ Hz

1.68x10¹⁶ Hz

3.71x10³⁴ Hz

9 / 12

The work function of an unknown metal is 1.2 eV. Light with energy 3 eV is incident on its surface, calculate the wavelength of the light.

6.63x10^-26 m

7.24x10^-14 m

4.14x10^-7 m

4.52x10³³ m

10 / 12

The wavelength of the electrons can be measured by diffraction. An electron gun accelerates electrons into a beam, these were diffracted and upon diffraction the wavelength was found to be 1.23×10^-9m. Calculate the potential difference used to accelerate the electrons from rest into a beam.

1.59x10^-19 V

3.89x10^-5 V

0.997 V

5.91x10⁵ V

11 / 12

Hot gases produce ___________.

Line Absorption Spectra.

Line Emission Spectra.

Band Absorption Spectra.

Band Emission Spectra.

12 / 12

Select the correct description of an absorption line spectrum.

Continuous dull spectrum with white lines across it.

Continuous dull spectrum with dark lines across it.

Continuous bright spectrum with white lines across it.

Continuous bright spectrum with dark lines across it.

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Wave-Particle Duality

1 / 10

The Photoelectric Effect is an example of light as a __________.

Wave

Particle

2 / 10

The Young’s double slit experiment is an example of light as a __________.

Wave

Particle

3 / 10

The equation E = hf is an example of light as a __________.

Wave

Particle

4 / 10

Photons are an example of light as a __________.

Wave

Particle

5 / 10

Electrons can show can show wave light properties.

TRUE

FALSE

6 / 10

Which phenomenon is not an example of light as a wave?

Diffraction

Reflection

Photoelectric effect

Polarisation

7 / 10

Which is the correct chronological of discoveries from these scientists?

Newton, Planck, Hertz and Hallwachs, Young

Young, Newton, Planck, Hertz and Hallwachs

Newton, Young, Planck, Hertz and Hallwachs

Newton, Young, Hertz and Hallwachs, Planck

8 / 10

The electromagnetic spectrum is an example a ____________.

Transverse wave

Longitudinal wave

9 / 10

Which phenomenon of light can be explained by light acting as a particle or wave?

Diffraction

Reflection

Photoelectric Effect

Polarisation

10 / 10

The h in E = hf represents:

Number of photons

Planck constant

Boltzmann constant

Intensity of light

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